2018 WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

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Agricultural Science Answers

(1ai)
Basic Amenities:
-It makes able bodied me to migrate from rural to urban areas in search of job

-Poor processing facilities for farm produce

-Shortage of water for irrigation purposes for all season cropping

-Poor health services reduces the productivity of farmers

(1aii)
Farm inputs:
-Available farm inputs are of inferior quality,outdated and crude

-Farm inputs like chemicals,fertilizers,tools and implements are grossly inadequate

-Modern farm inputs are not produced in Nigeria

-Farm inputs are expensive to buy and maintain

(1bi)
Tractor:
-Used for drawing farm implements like plough,harrows,ridgers etc

-It has hydraulic control system which aids the lifting of coupled implements

-It can be used to carry harvested crops or other farm products from the farm to the market

(1bii)
Buldozzer:
-For bush clearing

-For felling trees and stumps

-For levelling ground

(1c)
-Service at regular interval

-Replace worn out or weld broken parts

-Adhere strictly to manual or manufacturer's instruction

-Routine and regular changing of oil


2a)
i) Water is essential for the process of photosynthesis.

ii) Water also help to maintains the turgidity of plant.

iii) Water protects plant from adverse condition like drought, frost etc.

iv) Water serves as the solvent and carrier of food nutrients for
the growth of plants.

2b)
i) Nitrate leaching

ii) The export of alkalinity in produce.

iii) Parent material - type of rocks from which the soil developed.

iv) Rainfall - soils under high rainfall conditions are more acid than soils formed under dry conditions.

v) Soil organic matter - soil organisms are continuously decomposing organic matter.

2c)
Adult fluke lay eggs that are passed out onto pasture in the faeces.
The egg, hatches and migrates in thin films of moisture, actively seeking the snail host.
Within the snail they undergo two further developmental stages, including multiplication, eventually becoming infective cercariae, which emerge from the snail when the temperature and moisture levels are suitable.
The cercariae migrate onto wet herbage, encystingas metacercariae, the highly resilient infective stage of the liver fluke.
 Following ingestion, the young flukes migrate to the liver, through which they tunnel, causing considerable tissue damage.
The infection is patent about 10-12 weeks after the metacercariae are ingested.
The whole cycle takes
18-20 weeks.

(4a)
Land tenure can be defined as the manner in which a party holds or occupies an area of land.

(4b)
A weed may be defined as any plant or vegetation that interferes with the objectives of farming or forestry, such as growing crops, grazing animals or cultivating forest plantations.

(4ci)
It is caused by Rootknot nematode

(4cii)
-Nematodes are soil borne so are transmitted through soil movement and run-off water
-Through vegetative planting materials/transplanting of seedling
-Through contaminated farm tools and equipment

(4ciii)
-Enlargement of certain cells of the
-Roots in the form of knots

(4civ)
-Crop rotation
-Use resistant varieties


5b)
(i) Calcium

(ii) Potassium

(5c)
(i) They help in energy production

(ii) They enhances healthy bone and teeth

(iii) They help in nerve and muscle function

(iv) They provide strong immune for the body

(5di)
Inflammation of the teat

(5dii)
- Use of germicides
- Removal of causative agents

(5div)
Rinder pest

(5dv)
Immunization by vaccine combined with
quarantine

(5dvi)
Use strict biosecurity measures for animals,
animal
products.

(5dvii)
Unusually watery faeces that are yellowish-
green in colour

(5dviii)
Use of vaccination


(6a)
i. By washing of the feeders and drinkers regularly

ii. Adminstration of vaccine and medication to birds

iii. Fumigation and proper sanitation should be done before arrival of the bird

iv. Provision of medication and vaccination


(6b)
-It prevents secondary infection caused by horn injuries

-It creates more space for animals

-It prevents injuries to the body of other animals

-It makes it safer during vaccination or deworming of animals

(6c)
- harvesting

- packaging and packing

- transport

- advertising

- food processing

(6d)
-Inadequate for land tenure system

-inadequate  finance and credit facilities

-poor marketing system

-inadequate farm input


Agric obj

1-10: AADAACCBDA
11:20: DAABDABC-D
21-30: DAAABBDABB
31-40: CBCCCDBBDD
41-50: BDDCDBDBDA

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